X-ray Analyzing Crystals - XRD/XRF

According to Bragg's law, X-rays are diffracted by the lattice planes of a crystal and satisfy the following formula.
2d sinθ = k λ

where,

◆  λ is the wavelength of the incident X-ray beam.

◆  θ is called the Bragg angle, which is the angle at which X-rays are diffracted by the crystal when the above Bragg formula is satisfied.

◆ The two parameters λ and θ are physically linked through the interatomic spacing d between crystal planes. Once a specific crystal material is selected for a particular diffraction, the interplanar spacing d is determined.

◆ The 2d value specifies the longest wavelength at which the crystal can produce diffraction.

◆ In general, the commonly used Bragg angle is limited to within 85°.

According to the Bragg equation, the selection principles for crystal materials used in X-ray optics are as follows: the wavelength range and the Bragg angle together determine the choice of the 2d value;

the ability of the material to withstand the flux and energy of the X-ray beam; for example, organic crystals cannot withstand high-flux X-ray beams or repeated (higher-flux) X-ray beam exposure; sufficient mechanical capability when bending is required; the diffraction/reflection capability of the crystal; and finally, the cost of the crystal can determine the most economical choice. For instance, germanium crystals are more expensive than silicon crystals.

Our company can provide the following types of flat and bent crystals, with surface shapes including cylindrical, spherical, parabolic, toroidal, and conical surfaces, among others.